Fast Five Quiz: Myocarditis

Viral infections are the most common cause of myocarditis in the United States and other developed countries. Viruses responsible include:

• SARS-CoV-2

• Enterovirus

• Coxsackie B

• Adenovirus

• Influenza

• Cytomegalovirus

• Poliomyelitis

• Epstein-Barr virus

• HIV-1

• Viral hepatitis

• Mumps

• Rubeola

• Varicella

• Variola/vaccinia

• Arbovirus

• Respiratory syncytial virus

• Herpes simplex virus

• Yellow fever virus

• Rabies

• Parvovirus

Other causes of myocarditis include:

• Chemotherapeutic drugs: doxorubicin and anthracyclines, streptomycin, cyclophosphamide, interleukin-2, anti-HER-2 receptor antibody/Herceptin

• Antibiotics: penicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides

• Antihypertensive drugs: methyldopa, spironolactone

• Antiseizure drugs: phenytoin, carbamazepine

• Amphetamines, cocaine, catecholamines

• Chemicals: hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, arsenic, lead, phosphorus, mercury, cobalt

• Rickettsial causes: scrub typhus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Q fever

• Bacterial causes: diphtheria, tuberculosis, streptococci, meningococci, brucellosis, clostridia, staphylococci, melioidosis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, psittacosis

• Spirochetal causes: syphilis, leptospirosis/Weil disease, relapsing fever/Borrelia, Lyme disease

• Fungal causes: candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, actinomycosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, mucormycosis

• Protozoal causes: Chagas disease, toxoplasmosis, trypanosomiasis, malaria, leishmaniasis, balantidiasis, sarcosporidiosis

• Helminthic causes: trichinosis, echinococcosis, schistosomiasis, heterophyiasis, cysticercosis, visceral larva migrans, filariasis

• Bites/stings: scorpion venom, snake venom, black widow spider venom, wasp venom, tick paralysis

• Physical agents (radiation, heatstroke, hypothermia)

• Acute rheumatic fever

• Systemic inflammatory disease: giant cell myocarditis, sarcoidosis, Kawasaki disease, Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, Wegener granulomatosis, thyrotoxicosis, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis

• Peripartum cardiomyopathy

• Posttransplant cellular rejection

Read more on the etiology of myocarditis.

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Any views expressed above are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect the views of WebMD or Medscape.

Cite this: Yasmine S. Ali. Fast Five Quiz: Myocarditis - Medscape - Dec 13, 2021.